Dr. Ron Crandalls Philosophy Of Discipleship, Leadership,...

Dr. Ron Crandall holds a doctoral degree in Pastoral Theology from Fuller Theological Seminary. He retired in 2008 from Ashbury Theological Seminary in Kentucky, where he was a professor of evangelism and practical theology. He has served as an Elder in the United Methodist Church and is now the Executive Director of ABIDE. ABIDE the program that he helped come up with to revitalize churches. Crandall has researched and written in the areas of evangelism, leadership, and church growth. He is best known for WITNESS: Learning to Share Your Christian Faith, and Turnaround And Beyond: A Hopeful Future for Small Membership Churches. Statement of Purpose Crandall has researched and collected data from various churches that have experienced revitalization and renewal. He believes that the best way to learn how to turnaround a small church is to learn from those who have been part of such an experience. Turnaround And Beyond is intended to provide practical principles insights of renewal from those who have experienced it. Book Summary Turnaround And Beyond consist of eight chapters that are intended to provide the reader with practical insights and principles from men and women who have led their congregations through renewal. Crandall stresses the importance of leadership right from the start. It is implied that a successful renewal is dependent on how well a congregation is led throughout the process. He analyzes principles from the business world, the Bible, and Church

Correlation Between Depression And Sleep Deprivation

The study I read for this paper was completed in 2012. It is a complex study that was at times, hard to understand. Regardless of this fact, I will try my best to explain what the study was about, how it was done, and what the results were. The topic that the researchers in the study that I was reading pursued was the correlation and causation between depression and sleep deprivation. The researchers wanted to find out through causality algorithms plugged into the computer whether their research subjects could prove the hypothesized link between depression and sleep deprivation. At the time of their study, causality algorithms were rather new. Unfortunately, due to my lack of knowledge in statistics and mathematics, I will be unable to analyze this aspect of the study. However, there are other aspects that I found interesting, and so these will be focused on. The researchers pulled from two different studies that have been ongoing throughout the years. One was a study of young Finnis h people. The original sample size was of 3596 individuals, however, that database has grown over the years. In the beginning of the study, six age beginning points were studied. The children were studied from 1980 until now (it is still ongoing), and they were from age 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years at the starting year. Because the study wanted a more diverse group to study, they pulled participants from five different cities, in five different districts in Finland. They also usedShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And The Use Of Technology1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe objective of this study is to conclude if there is a correlation between ADHD symptoms, depression, sleep deprivation and the use of technology. The participants in this study will be 200 male and female third, fourth and fifth grade students from all socioeconomic levels. These students will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1) the majority of classroom assignments completed using technology 2) technology i s not used to complete schoolwork. Data will be collected from parents andRead MoreSleep Quality And Academic Performance Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst fundamental routine of sleep changes dramatically. College students rarely find themselves getting about eight hours of sleep every day. Thus started the idea of how a student’s academic performance can be affected by the amount of sleep they get. The research article, â€Å"Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University Students: A Wake-Up Call for College Psychologists† written by Steven P. Gilbert and Cameron C. Weaver, represents the perfect study on how sleep quality and quantity can affectRead MoreWhy We Sleep- The Pending Mystery 731 Words   |  3 Pagesinto the field of sleep research. However, these discoveries are still far from being complete. Considering that an individual spends about one-third of their life sleeping, there is much more that still needs to be discovered concerning this top ic. General Information Sleep is basically a state of physical inactivity and mental rest in which conscious awareness, thoughts, and voluntary movements do not occur. During sleep, irregular and unpredictable dreaming also takes place. Sleep is a very activeRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1217 Words   |  5 Pages Although acquiring the basic amount of sleep seems to be an easy task, college students are struggling to snag even a couple hours of sleep, thus significantly affecting their four domains of development during a crucial developmental period in their lives. College students are going through the development period, Emerging Adulthood, which is from the ages of 18 to 25 years old. During this period of time, adolescents tend to focus on their self-development and discover their identity and the fourRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Postpartum Depression918 Words   |  4 PagesSleep deprivation and postpartum depression are different diagnoses, however, they have similar symptoms and one can often cause onset of the other. The most typical occurrence that we see happening is sleep deprivation due to postpartum depression. The following paper will discuss the diagnoses and symptoms of both sleep deprivation and postpartum depression, as well as explain how postpartum depression can caus e the onset of sleep deprivation, and vise versa. Postpartum depression is the mostRead MoreTesting Reaction Times And Performing Mini Mental Examinations Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagescognitive function assessments. Sleep is one of the factors that impact the way an individual performs everyday tasks. Being fully rested and having a full night’s rest give individuals the ability to make clear decisions, allow them to solve complex problems and comprehend the world around them. Sleep deprivation, on the other hand, hinders people by not allowing them to think about their options and by making it harder for them to focus on the task at hand. The quantity of sleep an individual has can notRead MoreObesity Case Study803 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sleep, Obesity and Weight Loss in Adults (2014) the study sought to examine a wide range of cross-sectional, longitudinal and lab-based experiments on the correlations of lack of sleep (studies had no numerical commonalty on what constitutes sleep deprivation) or oversleeping (9 hours per night) and incidents of obesity. The intent behind the meta-analysis was to determine if addressing sleep disturbances should be a consideration in treatment strategies for obesity. The conclusion held someRead MoreEffect Of Sleep On Adolescents1131 Words   |  5 PagesDeaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School in 2005, where they found that deprivation of sleep has a negative effect on mood regulation as well as the physical being of an adult (Mullington 2005). However, these studies cannot be applied to the adolescent person because of the differences of the maturity in the brain from an adolescent person to an adult person (Ryan 1992). The effect deprivation of sleep on adolescents’ mood may suggestion that school during the formative years should startRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep deprivation is a frequent obstacle that many college students in America face. Insomnia in college students can have an immense impact on psychological and physical health, which greatly influence academic success. Research shows that 70% of college students qualify as sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation has also been linked with several diseases/disorders, including: depression, anxiety, and obesity. Our research question investigated how sleep deprivation in college students affectsRead MoreSleep Is The Most Important Phase Of Sleep1746 Words   |  7 PagesSufficient sleep is a biological necessity for the normal functioning of humans, it allows the body to rest and to replenish itself so that it is able to serve its function of living. In addition, mental and physical health depend on the amount of sleep we get. Most adults and students value work and college much more than sleep, this is due to the academic, career, and materialistic demands. Researchers have noted a positive correlation between lack of sleep and decreased physical health, mental

Human Capital - Social Capital and Organizational Performance

Question: Explain about the Human Capital, Social Capital and Organizational Performance? Answer: Accompanying a new system might provide a company to gain a significant in its working capital cash flow so that profit margin can be improved (Augusto Felcio, Couto Caiado, 2014). The new system of collection will reduce the collection period by 2.5days while the disbursement period can be increased by .5 days that will enable the company to hold the free cash of $2 million for each three days more in hand. Therefore, the total amount of free cash will be $2 mn x 3 days = $6 million for every three days. The annual freed up fund is $6 mn x (360/3) [considering number of days 360 in a year] = $720 million Therefore earning of the company in a year is @8% of annual earning which is equal to $720 mn x 0.08 = $57.6 million. The income of the company will be $57.6 million as freed up cash flow has risen to $720 million in the year. The cost of the new system will make the company to incur more $800000 while the cash inflow from the new system is $57.6 million. Therefore, the difference between 57600000 800000 = $5.68 million. Therefore, a positive return from the new return justifies the installation of the new system in the company (Buchmann, 2009). Reference list Augusto Felcio, J., Couto, E., Caiado, J. (2014). Human capital, social capital and organizational performance.Management Decision,52(2), 350-364. doi:10.1108/md-04-2013-0260 Buchmann, P. (2009). Return of the King: Working Capital Management zur Vermeidung von Liquidittsengpssen in der Krise.Controlling Management,53(6), 350-355. doi:10.1007/s12176-009-0113-0

Forecasting and Managing Demand Operation Management

Question: Discuss about the Forecasting and Managing Demand of Operation Management. Answer: I have come across various facts while going through my course of operations management. The topic of forecasting and demand management evaluates various disciplines of operations management. The forecasting reflects an estimation of the future demands and the actual basis for the execution of planning and business decisions. The study of forecasting and managing demand critically highlights the different facts related to the supply and demand regarding the execution of industry process of the concerned firm. I have focused more on the application of the different disciplines of operations management related to the topic forecasting and managing demand. The topic reflects the desired fact that a good goal for forecasting techniques is merely for minimizing the deviation among the forecast and the real demands. Moreover, the concept of the supply and demand reflects that the balance regarding the demands of the products from the customers and its supply to those particular customers needs to be met in order to augment the considerable enlargement of the business. The proper management of demand facilitates the execution of the planning system as well as the effective use of the different resources in order to gain positive feedback and positive outcomes. There are certain threats within the execution of any business process where the supply and the demands of the concerned products need to be met, these are stock out, relationship with the respective customers, business loyalty and the sel ling of the products. It has been seen that the use of poor communication techniques with the customers and the inaccurate resonates of forecast significantly affects the complete business process. It is crucial to managing the different processes in any of the concerned firms and this study of the managing demand provides me the adequate information regarding the management of demand and supply. The studies of forecasting and matching demands have reflected the different purposes of forecasting which are supposed to be of immense importance for the growth and expansion of the business procedures of the firm. I have brought up the idea that the desired purpose of forecasting can be divided into short term and long term forecasting. Appropriate scheduling of the production, reduction in the cost of purchasing the different raw materials, determination of the suitable pricing policy, determining the sales targets as well as the establishment of incentives and controls are supposed to be the purposes for the short term forecasting. As per my knowledge is concerned, this short-term purposes for the short term forecasting needs to be considered while as to evaluate the significant expanding of the business procedures of the concerned enterprise. I have also investigated the long-term purposes of forecasting; it consists of planning for the new unit, planning for the financial need s of longer term and planning for the requirements of manpower. The study of forecasting managing demands provides desired strength and complete knowledge regarding the management of supply and demands which will be helpful for my future career and jobs. I particularly feel that there are some of the relevant innovative techniques related to the forecasting which will provide the desired idea in order to manage the work process in my future jobs. In order to acquire relevant information regarding the forecast, the different disciplines of operation management helped in evaluating the qualitative as well as the quantitative methods. I have come accrues two different types of a forecast, such as pyramid forecast and the forecasting process and these evaluate the importance for using these methods in future jobs. The study of forecast and managing demand evaluates my potential skills regarding the management of the demands and the needs of the customers in an effective way. There are many of the models which have been used for predicting the demand for regression analysis, market research, time series and the Delphi method. The demands management process has been considered to be of larger significance in order to manage the demands and the needs of the customers. The needs of the customers also needed to be prioritized as this will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the concerned firm. The high level and the low-level demands need to be understood as to bring out the preferred positive results for the organization. Consumer survey is another important process which provides desired means of feedback regarding the services provided by any organization. Therefore, the study increased my skills regarding the management of demands and forecasting of the different processes of the firm.

Sek Lung is a Marginal Character free essay sample

Generally, it is hard for a person, who is stuck inside the third space, to deal with the relationships from two different cultures, and the result of such a situation is that this person would be marginalized as an outsider by his or her group. In the novel The Jade Peony, Sek-Lung is depicted as a character who feels that it is hard to blend inside himself either Chinese or Canadian culture, and his closest relationship with Poh-Poh also makes him marginalized by other family members. Thus, Sek-Lung is considered as an outsider from both China town and Canadian society and even in his own family. As a Chinese child who was born in Canada, Sek-Lung is living in an immigrant family, and he gets attracted by the local culture so that makes him drop into the third space and become an outsider of Canadian society. The first reason leading to this matter is mostly due to the fact that he is Chinese. We will write a custom essay sample on Sek Lung is a Marginal Character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is the truth that never can be changed. No matter how much he wants to be Canadian, he is still a Chinese. The third part of the book also mentions that Sekky knows this fact â€Å"[B]ut even if I was born in Vancouver, even if I should salute the Union Jack a hundred million times, even if I had the cleanest hands in all the Dominion of Canada and pray forever, I would still be Chinese†(Choy 152). What Sek-Lung said shows that he knows he is an outsider of Canadian society and that he could never be a real Canadian. Sek-Lung’s bad health condition is another reason why he is an outsider of Canadian society. In the novel, Sek-Lung is the character that was born with serious a breathing problem so that he could not go to school like his brothers or sister, and he has to stay at home. â€Å"[B]ut the school doctor rejected my attempt to get back into the classroom. [†¦] ‘Sek-Lung still has breathing problems,’ he told Kiam to explain to Father. ‘I recommend he stay with his home studies and try again next year† (Choy 173). He really wants to go to school and study English to become more familiar with Canada culture. However, due to the lung disease, the opportunities to absorb the Canadian society and to make Canadian friends are being missed and that makes him further away from the Canadian society. In addition, when Sek-Lung stays at home, the traditional Chinese culture is instilled into his mind by Poh-Poh so that he cannot blend in with Canadian society. He believes all of Poh-Poh’s words, especially her superstitious beliefs. When Sek-Lung’s condition is getting better and he goes to school in September, he still thinks it is because of Poh-Poh although she is already dead. Sek-Lung thinks that â€Å"Grandmama had kept her promise† (Choy 197). He is influenced by Poh-Poh’s traditional Chinese mentality and it is totally different from the Canadian culture and foreign to Canadian society. He cannot tell Canadian people about the superstitious belief because no one would listen to him and no one would believe it. Consequently, Sek-Lung is an outsider of Canadian society, not only because he is Chinese, but also because he is denied the chance to touch the Canadian society by his illness and is influenced deeply by Poh-Poh’s traditional Chinese culture. On the other hand, Sek-Lung is also an outsider of the Chinese group. He was born in Canada and the different environment in which he grows up makes him different from other Chinese people so that he cannot be a fully Chinese person like others. First of all, he knows very little about Chinese. For example, he feels a headache about family ranking and Chinese kinship terms which are contained in the Chinese culture and he uses wrong titles for other family members. He mentions in the third part of the book that â€Å"I would say ‘Third Uncle’ instead of ‘Great Uncle’† (Choy 145). Stepmother and Poh-Poh both think that Sek-Lung being confused about the way to call people is brainless. That is how Chinese people think about him and that makes Sek-Lung feel a sense of loss because he is poor in Chinese so that he cannot fully understand Chinese values. In the second place, Sek-Lung is worshipping everything foreign. That is entirely different from learning foreign culture. In the book, Sek-Lung wants to be a Canadian rather than Chinese and he wants to have an appearance like white people. â€Å"I sometimes wished that my skin would turn white, my hair go brown, my eyes widen and turn blue, and Mr. and Mrs. O’Connor next door would adopt me and I would be Jack O’Connor’s little brother† (Choy 151). This kind of idea makes Sek-Lung feels marginalized in the Chinese group due to the conflict of his appearance and his wish that pushes him to be an outsider to the Chinese. What’s more, Suk-Lung does not like the Chinese language. For instance, he has the strongest reaction to Chinese language of all the characters in the book and that makes him be outside the Chinese group. He thinks that Chinese is harder than English. He says â€Å"English words seemed more forthright to me, blunt like road signs. Chinese words were awkward and messy, like quicksand† (Choy 150). That means he likes English much more than Chinese. Thus, it can be seen that Sek-Lung has strong western ideas which are contrary to the Chinese culture although he was born in a Chinese family. To sum up, living in a Chinese group, Sek-Lung does not have the same Chinese opinions like others. He doesn’t know a lot about the Chinese culture, he wants to look like a foreigner and he even does not like the Chinese language. Those things make him grow farther and farther away from the Chinese group. Moreover, Sek-Lung has been marginalized in the family due to his close relationship with his grandmother. As the book mentions, Poh-Poh is the most powerful person in the family who occupies the highest status and she prefers Suk-Lung above all other kids. For starters, because of his good relationship with Poh-Poh Suk-Lung attracts much jealousy from his family members especially from Jook Liang. For example, in Jook-Liang’s part, she said â€Å"For years, I had been nagged to remember to wash diapers and generally clean up after my baby brother, who was now three years old and sickly. I was tired of his always leaking at both ends. [†¦]Baby brother was sick again. Always sick. Always getting all the attention [†¦]† (Choy 27). Compared with the way Jook Liang is treated by Poh-Poh: washing diapers of little brother, always being told that she is useless, never being taught but expected to work. The ways Liang and Sekky were treated by Poh-Poh are unequal and that is why Sek-Lung has been jealous and marginalized by Liang. Furthermore, Sek-Lung follows Poh-Poh, and does abnormal thing which makes the whole family ashamed of them. In order to make wind chimes they search the garbage so as to find materials with the result that other family members feel ashamed. Second brother Jung Sum said â€Å"All of our friends are laughing at us! They also make the first son Kiam feel unhappy and said they are beggars. The whole family is ashamed of them and Sek-Lung being ashamed of following Poh-Poh so that makes him be marginalized by other family members and become an outsider in the family. Finally, Sek-Lung becomes marginalized by the family because he has shown his belief in superstition by Poh-Poh. After Poh-Poh’s death, Sek-Lung says that he can always see Poh-Poh’s ghost in the house, so that makes other family member feel weird because only he can see the ghost in the house but they cannot, so they dont believe him and think he is abnormal as well. â€Å"Sister Liang refused to take me out anywhere her jitterbugging girlfriend might see or hear me† (Choy 178). His behaviour is not accepted by his brothers and sister or even his parents. Although he lives with them together and they love him, his superstitious opinions of seeing Poh-Poh’s ghost still confused him to be marginalized by the whole family. All in all, Sek-Lung is an outsider like a marginal member in his family because he spends too much time with Poh-Poh so that makes him be treated better than other kids, does shameful things and is deeply influenced by Poh-Poh’s opinion. Sek-Lung is a person who wants to be a simple Canadian, a kid who knows very little about Chinese culture, a son who is affected by grandmother’s old traditions and an outsider of society. He wants to be Canadian but he can’t; he is living in a traditional Chinese family but he knows nothing about their traditions. He has the best grandmother who loves him most in the world but he is marginalized by other family members because of his grandmother. To conclude, Sek-Lung is an outsider of society. He belongs neither to Canadian society nor Chinese group, and even is marginalized by his own family.

Cabildos in Puerto Rico essays

Cabildos in Puerto Rico essays In around 1515, Juan Ponce de Len established two Cabildos: Cabildo of San Juan and Cabildo of San Germn. The Cabildos were the local representative assemblies; they served strictly under Governors appointed by the Crown and at their pleasure. In the last moments of the colonial era, Cuba and Puerto Rico managed after much struggle to win representation in the Spanish courts. However, these Cabildos played an important role in the community life of Puerto Rico at the time. They provided the aid and representation that the people needed, regardless of economic struggles. Cabildos were essential to community life because of their help in eclectic problems and the representation they gave to the people. An oligarchic structure of the Cabildos, although made up of relatives and friends from the elite, was rather successful, and played an important part in the Cabildos success in community life. The Cabildos were not a democratic institution; they were organized and controlled by the laws of the Indies. Both Cabildos, San Juan and San Germn, were composed of an Alcalde Ordinario, and several Regidores Regidores, who elected the alcaldes, were appointed by the King or posts were sold at auctions. Sugar mill owners, also known as hacenderos, and ganaderos were also part of the economic oligarchy of the Cabildos. This structure, although most positions were held by relatives and friends of the Regidores and Alcaldes of the elite group, was somewhat effective, even when most of the time it was against the law. Cabildos as well gave the people representation. The Father of the Republic, or the Cabildo, met weekly o monthly to discuss community matters. Besides from these regular meetings, they held Cabildos Abiertos, or open meetings, when they had urgent municipal problems. It was only in Cabildos Abiertos where community members chosen by the council could participate. Ev...

Comprehensive Examination Responses Presented in Partial Fulfillment Research Paper

Comprehensive Examination Responses Presented in Partial Fulfillment - Research Paper Example Identify and analyze the issues associated with sample selection, validity, and bias in such a study. Case Study A case study is one of the methods used in qualitative research. The development of the case study method took place in the 1880s and it has since been used in almost all fields of study. It is also the most preferred study method because it removes the wide gap between theory and practice. According to Toloie-Eshlaghy, Chitsaz, Karimian, and Charkhchi (2011), a case study is experimental and uses the details of a real phenomenon to probe into specific social issues of interest to the researchers. A case study includes a real situation with real people and events taking place in a real environment, which gives researchers a sense of the facts as they are in real life. In addition, the information used in a case study is controlled to provide factual details about the place, people, and occurrences of a particular location. This enables researchers to carry out their activities in reference to a real situation. A case study is thus regarded as an organized piece of research on a parti cular event with the aim of explaining a specific phenomenon. A case study is often used in social research to enable a researcher to actualize a theoretical idea. In addition, a case study may be used to teach research students how to undertake research in an effective manner and thus act as a study tool to integrate theory and practice. ... The different features of a case study include its use of different methods of collecting data to gather information regarding specific occurrences, its focus on a specific subject and the depth to which the subject of focus is investigated. The main aim of using the case study research method is to describe the causative relationships between phenomena in real life, since it tends to be deep rather than extensive in its investigations (Breslin & Buchanan, 2008). Case studies are therefore also used to evaluate the effects of certain interventions introduced in given scenarios and can therefore be used as a tool to recommend solutions to issues facing organizations in real life. As a research tool, a case study is exploratory and descriptive, and provides case examples to students to enhance their practical research skills. However, the actual transformation from theory to practice requires diverse resources, some of which may be out of the students’ reach. The use of a case s tudy in the description of phenomena in real life is limited to the knowledge of the scenario under study (Toloie-Eshlaghy, Chitsaz, Karimian, & Charkhchi, 2011). This is because a case study relies on information regarding particular phenomena to draw inferences on causal relations, but without adequate information, the case study would not be effective. A case study therefore employs different methods of collecting data to provide adequate, relevant and factual information regarding occurrences in real life and offers researchers a basis for the study. With such information, it is possible to draw a pattern indicating the relationship between one subject and the other and

Writing about Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Writing about Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example With expectations built on prior basic research aided by an omnipresent internet spewing details with adventurous reviews, a revised marketing strategy focusing on the Price-Conscious, Hyper-Connected customer is but a priority. A multi-billion-dollar technology, E-Hospitality has provided an avenue of cultivating the ultimate customer experience, right from improved availability to accommodate travelers’ needs round the clock to the enlightening, participative forums where professionals share information in private chat rooms, with the possibilities of developing new friendships and/or business connections (Hatch par 3-4). The technology has enabled sharing of efficiency boosting experiences in terms of managerial capabilities, ethical dilemmas in the same, and ad targeting that reaches out directly to the travelers who are most likely to book reservations. The utilization of the innovative ideas is barely past the takeoff stage, with hotels sparingly replacing the traditional methodologies in their managerial aspects. The injection of advanced skills in technology into this particular industry is, however, fundamental in reducing costs [the main objective of business organizations] and conserving the world’s limited resources for a sustainable future (Nikolis par 2). Leisure professionals, therefore, have no choice but to adapt to the new reality to maintain

What is e-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is e-commerce - Essay Example In the last decade, with the growing popularity of the internet and more people having their own personal computers, the market for e-commerce is outstanding. A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Today most major retail stores have a virtual store as well, making it even easier for their customers to access their products. E-commerce was first developed in the nineteen seventies as a way for businesses to electronically send information to one another in a faster and more efficient way. With the introduction of the Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and Electronic Data Exchange (EDI) businesses were able to send documents like purchase orders and invoices electronically from one facility to the next. In nineteen seventy nine "online shopping was invented in the United Kingdom by Michael Aldrich and during the nineteen eighties it was used extensively particularly by auto manufacturers such as Ford, Peugeot-Talbot, General Motors and Nissan" (Seybold). It is believed that the reason why e-commerce has grown so quickly since its first invention in the nineteen seventies is because it is efficient and makes transactions more simple and accessible to everyone. Since it's first introduction e-commerce continued to grow. "From the nineteen nineties onwards, electronic commerce would additionally include enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), data mining and data warehousing" (Graham). The ERP software allowed businesses to store and retrieve information in real time, making online purchases more secure for both the customer and the seller. This "modular software design should mean a business can select the modules they need, mix and match modules from different vendors, and add new modules of their own to improve business performance" (Graham). Data mining is a process that transforms data into information and can be particularly helpful in detecting fraud and keeping online purchases safe while at the same time providing useful marketing information to companies about a consumer's interests. With the invention of this new process, people felt more secure purchasing items and services online because they knew that their financial infor mation would be safe. The results of data mining can help companies market their products to a specific customer group. "Based on the collections on data mining, data warehouses were intended as large-scale collection, storage, and staging areas for corporate data. Data could be retrieved from one central point or data could be distributed to 'retail stores' or 'data marts' that were tailored for ready access by users" (Frieden). Along with the invention of the EFT and EDI these three new processes are what ultimately propelled e-commerce into what it is today. The main concern for the future of e-commerce is the continued security of customers and making sure that transactions remain private. Even though online transactions are growing in number and popularity everyday, many analogists believe that e-commerce is heading for a fall. Consumers find it easier to bargain shop online, then they do shopping in physical stores. It is easier to do because all that is required is a simple click of the mouse, but a negative side affect to the opportunity for consumers to buy online is that many companies will go out of

Country Of Origin Effects Commerce Essay

Country Of Origin Effects Commerce Essay HASSAN and SAMLI (1994, page 99.) define the effect of country of origin as the influence that the manufacturer country has on the positive or negative consumer judgment. One of the most famous books of this topic is JAFFES and NEBENZAHLs work (2001). It opens the introductory chapter with the following provocative question: Please, fill out the following sentence: A luxury car made in Greece is The question shows the essence of country of origin effect very well. According to ROTH and ROMEO (1992) the COO effect is how consumers consider a product coming from a given a country. Empirical studies have shown that when a customer becomes aware of the country of origin of a product his/her image about the product is influenced either positively or negatively according to his perceptions. Consumers tend to have a stereotype about product and countries that have been formed by experience, hearsay, myth. These stereotypes are generally broad and vague according to which they judge a specific country or a specific product to be the best : French Perfumes, Italian Leather, Chinese Silk and Japanese Technology are all examples of such stereotypes. Therefore the country, the type of product, and the image of the company all its brand play a crucial rule in deciding whether the country of origin will engender a positive or a negative reaction. Country Image : Precursors to Country of Origin Effects Country image can be defined as the sum of information in the consumers mind about a nation/country. In this regard, SULLIVAN MORT and HAN (2000) said, the less information we have about a given country the more dangers the sales of its products will encounter. It has been a long known fact that Made In label is just as powerful and just as valuable as a Made By label. German engineering, Japanese miniaturization, Italian flair, Swedish design, British class, Swiss precision those are brand values which rub off onto all the products that come from those countries Country Image is the reason why, in the early 1990s, Americans bought Toyota Corollas (which were quite expensive) rather than Geo Prizms (which were quite cheap), even though they were exactly the same car, made in the same factory. This is because the American consumers believed that Japanese cars offered greater value than American cars. Countries thus try hard to maintain their images and hence generate a positive reputation for their products in international market. Country image (as suggested in Henry Stewart Publications 1744-0696 (2005) Vol. 1, 2, 164-172 Place Branding) is propagated through channels that can be described in a Hexagonal Pattern of communication : Each of these components has a huge impact on the image that country projects : The loudest branding effort comes from countrys tourism promotion, and peoples experience of visiting the country as tourists or business travelers. The countrys exports with a clearly marked Made in label are powerful ambassadors of the countrys image internationally. The policy decisions made of the countrys government. Policy makers are nowadays much closer to the international media than they ever used to be. From the way company attract the investment, foreign talent and foreign companies to work with it. The countrys cultural activities and cultural exports: a world tour by a national opera company, the works of a famous author, the national sports team. The people of the country themselves: the hospitality they provide to the visitors coming from abroad and the way they behave when abroad. In this regard an under the realms of an experiment asked young people to freely associate the five words they think (adjectives, product categories, food products, values, etc.) are the most consistent with the countries under analysis (this part were inspired by the contributions of Kayanak, Kucukemiroglu 1992; Usunier 1993; Usunier, Lee 2005). The results show that the consumers clearly classified each country with a few product types, this is the stereotype (or the consumer perception) that contributes to country of origin effects while evaluating the available product. The salient result as observed is tabulated below : Country Association Country Association Italy Art History culture China Plagiarism design fashion Cheap Food and Wine(psta, Pizza, Vino Communism Elegance Style Economic and population growth Quality Food and Rice France Fashion Luxury Japan Innovation New Tech Elegance Precission Quality Quality Food(Sushi) Culture Population Food and Wine(Cheese, Baguette, Champagne) Tokyo Germany Cars USA Innovation Beer Freedom Industry Technology Leader ower superiority arrogance Engineering Food (Fast Food) Discipline Organization Multiculturalism Strongness solidity Associated Concepts to Country of Origin From a conceptual point of view it is particularly important to underline that the notion of Country of origin is by no means plain and univocal. Initially, the concept of Country of Origin (COO) was considered as the Made in Country (see the review by Nebenzahl et al., 1997), or the Country of Manufacture (COM) (see the review by Samiee 1994). This was the country which appeared on the made in label, which would generally be the country where final assembly of the good took place. For example designer labels from Gucci, Versace loose their sheen when they include Made in China label because part of the manufacturing tool place there. In contemporary world though other concepts have progressively emerged in the COO literature, such as Country of Design (COD) in the review by Nebenzahl et al., 1997; Jaffà ©, Nebenzahl 2001), referring to the country where the product was designed and developed. For example the latest Audi TT luxury car model was designed in Germany but is being manufactured from Hungary, but with Germanys known reputation in engineering field the model is promoted by the name of country it is designed at. Moreover, global companies nowadays are manipulating brand names to suggest particular origins (country of brand (COB) effects). Thus COO is increasingly considered as that country which consumers typically associate with a product or brand, irrespective of where it is actually manufactured. For example, even though Nike Apparels are manufactured in low cost destinations like India, China etc. the brand recognition of Nike overcomes the country of manufacturing effect and the products are considered to be American. Manifestations of Country Of Origin Effect The country of origin effect can be realized in various different forms among the consumers. The major manifestations are : Individualist / Collectivists Where Individualist favor country of origin bases to ascertain the superior attributes of the product, the collectivists favor home country of origin products over the foreign ones. On Basis of Industrialization Countries are categorized on the levels of industrialization they have achieved. Consumers in such cases are lesser product specific. They believe the products from industrialized nations are superior in quality and thus the products from developing nations suffer bias. Ethnocentrism Under the feeling of national pride, consumers like to purchase the products of home country. For example, the buy American effect, Honda recognized it and specifically mentioned how many component were manufacture in America when launching its models there. One might generalize that for more technical product, there is a less positive perception towards product of developing nations. Similarly, less developed nations have a tendency to favor products from developed nations. Strategies for Usage of COO Effect in International Marketing In contemporary world, companies have come to realize the importance of coutry of origin effect and have started to give it due importance while strategizing their international marketing plans. Nowadays, a companys marketing strategy is dependent not only on the strength of its brand image but the country image as well. According to Jaffe and Nebenzahl (2001), four possible strategies can be used. First scenario considers companies having both, a strong country and brand image. Second scenario considers companies with a weak country image but a strong brand image. Third Scenario looks at companies with a weak brand image, but a strong country image, and fourth scenario looks at companies having both a weak country and a weak brand image. 1. Strong Country Strong Brand Image This is the best position for a company when both the product and the country have strong brand images. In this case, strategically, both the brand and the made in country should be emphasized, especially if it is a global one. Some major examples of this are: Buick (made in US),Sony (made in Japan) and Zeiss (made in Germany). 2. Weak Country Strong Brand Image The scenario of a weak country image but a strong brand image generally refers to products whose production or assembly has been outsourced to developing/emerging economies. In this condition, the emphasis should be placed on the brand name, while the country of origin needs to be de emphasizing as much as possible. BT provides an excellent case of neutralizing the country of origin. A few years ago British Telecom researched the aptness of their brand in overseas markets. The results showed that they had problems with the companys name in Japan where British was synonymous of the past, colonial and not for innovation or moving forward. That is when they decided to become BT 3. Strong Country Weak Brand Image This category contains products which are perceived to be of lower quality vis à   vis the competitors from same country. Strategically, these brands should try to piggyback on strong country image by emphasizing their made in attribute. This strategy works very well for brands/products with bad image or without any image. Some examples include Japanese brands like Suzuki or Miranda Cameras and/or Daihatsu automobiles. 4. Weak Country Weak Brand Image This category contains products that have weak country image as well as a weak brand image. In this case one potential strategy is strategic piggybacking on some strong local brand. For example, Samsung, the South Korean products manufacturer, gained entry into the US in microwave ovens segment distributing them through General Electric under the GE label. Similar strategy was followed by Mitsubishi in its entry into the United States using the Chrysler distribution network. Country or Origin Effect : Critical Results When the influence of country of origin effect and brand perception was studied for convenience, shopping and specialty goods, empirical results (from the paper Luxury brand and country of origin effect: results of an international empirical study, Prof. Gaetano Aiello, Dr. Raffaele Donvito, Prof. Bruno Godey and Prof. Daniele Pederzoli) revealed : Brand Perception and Country of origin have medium and medium high impact on perceptual evaluation of shopping goods and a medium high and high impact on luxury goods. Brand and Country of origin decrease their impact on purchasing decisions; The Country of origin has a medium influence only in the purchasing decisions of luxury goods, while the brand maintains its influence also on shopping goods. Country of origin do not affect evaluation and purchase of convenience goods. Brand affects evaluation and purchase decisions much more than Country of origin in shopping and specialty goods The study also reveals the top most criteria in evaluation and purchase of convenience goods is Price, and Design for specialty goods. Brand Perceptions ranks second in this hierarchy Country of origin is instead around the last of within the items considered. References Astous A., Ahmed S.A., (1999), The importance of country images in the formation of consumer product perceptions International marketing review, vol. 16, n.2. Bilkey W.J., Nes E., (1982), Country of origin effects on product evaluations, Journal of International Business Studies, 13, pp.89-99. Nebenzahl I.D., Jaffe ´ E.D., Lampert S.I., (1997), Towards a theory of country image effect on product evaluation, Management International Review, 37, pp. 27-49. Roth M.S., Romeo G.B. (1992), Matching product categoriey and Country Image Perceptions: A framework for managing Country of Origin Effects, Journal of International Studies, Winter. Jagdish Agrawal, Wagner A.kamakura, Country of origin: A competitive advantage International Journal of Research in Marketing Vol. 16, No. 4 December (1999) P.255 267 International Marketing, Thirteenth Edition, Philip R Cateora, John L Graham and Prashant Salwan SULLIVAN MORT, Gillian Maree HAN, C. Min 2000: Multifaceted country image impact on purchase intensions for goods: a study in the asia pacific economic conference region. (www.digital.re.kr/hanlab/private/discussant.PDF) A Chapter taken from the book Brand America: The mother of All Brands by Simon Anholt and Jememy Hildreth, published by Cyan Books, 2004.

The old man in the sea :: essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea Book report The title of this book is The Old Man and the Sea . The number of pages is 127. Copyright date is 1952(re-newel date is 1980). The type of book is fiction. This book takes place in the Gulf Stream, and its time is in the past. This book is told in third person point of view. One of the main character’s was an old Cuban man named Santiago who was thin, with deep wrinkles in the back if his neck and had scars on his hands from handling the fishing rope. The other character was a young boy named Manolin, which Santiago taught how to fish . Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him to go fishing with Santiago, he wants to help his friend at all times. Manolin does not act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive This book is about an old man who taught this young boy how to fish and the boy loved him. He even brought him fishing many times. But the past 84 days the old man had not caught one fish. After 40 days of not catching anything the boy left and fished on another boat. One day, the old man was out on the water fishing. He had caught the biggest marlin he had ever seen. He then had decided to tie the fish on to the boat when heading back. He notices a large mako shark that is coming after his fish. He gets his harpoon out ready to kill. The shark takes a chunk out of his fish and the old man harpoons and kills the shark but his harpoon broke. Now he was left only with a knife to protect what was left of the fish. The fish is now bleeding. A couple hours later on his voyage home, he sees to more sharks heading right for his fish. Both sharks take a chunk out of the fish but the old man manages to stab both sharks in the eye killing them. His fish was getting smaller and smaller because of the sharks. This time while stabbing the sharks in the eyes his knife breaks, now all he has to kill the sharks is a oar. If any more sharks come he is ruined. A couple more hours of sailing two more sharks come and eat the rest of his fish, leaving just the head and scales of the enormous fish he had. The old man in the sea :: essays research papers The Old Man and the Sea Book report The title of this book is The Old Man and the Sea . The number of pages is 127. Copyright date is 1952(re-newel date is 1980). The type of book is fiction. This book takes place in the Gulf Stream, and its time is in the past. This book is told in third person point of view. One of the main character’s was an old Cuban man named Santiago who was thin, with deep wrinkles in the back if his neck and had scars on his hands from handling the fishing rope. The other character was a young boy named Manolin, which Santiago taught how to fish . Manolin is loyal to Santiago and even when his parents forbid him to go fishing with Santiago, he wants to help his friend at all times. Manolin does not act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive This book is about an old man who taught this young boy how to fish and the boy loved him. He even brought him fishing many times. But the past 84 days the old man had not caught one fish. After 40 days of not catching anything the boy left and fished on another boat. One day, the old man was out on the water fishing. He had caught the biggest marlin he had ever seen. He then had decided to tie the fish on to the boat when heading back. He notices a large mako shark that is coming after his fish. He gets his harpoon out ready to kill. The shark takes a chunk out of his fish and the old man harpoons and kills the shark but his harpoon broke. Now he was left only with a knife to protect what was left of the fish. The fish is now bleeding. A couple hours later on his voyage home, he sees to more sharks heading right for his fish. Both sharks take a chunk out of the fish but the old man manages to stab both sharks in the eye killing them. His fish was getting smaller and smaller because of the sharks. This time while stabbing the sharks in the eyes his knife breaks, now all he has to kill the sharks is a oar. If any more sharks come he is ruined. A couple more hours of sailing two more sharks come and eat the rest of his fish, leaving just the head and scales of the enormous fish he had.

Global Financing and Rate

Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Veronica L. Powell University of Phoenix MGT/448 Donald Joseph March 31, 2009 Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Currency is unreliable. In some countries the United States dollar is worth more than that countries currency, while in other countries the U. S. dollar is worth less. The exchange rate fluctuates on a continuous base which makes the term â€Å"funny money† more realistic each day. The purpose of this paper is to discuss hard and soft currency, the South African rand, Cuban pesos, and why the exchange rates fluctuate.Hard currency is a currency, usually from a highly industrialized country, that is largely accepted globally as a form of payment for goods and services (Investopedia, 2010). Hard currency is presumed to remain fairly stable through a short period of time, and to be considerably liquid in foreign exchange markets. Soft currency is another name for â€Å"weak currency. † The values of soft c urrencies fluctuate often, and other countries do not want to hold these currencies due to political or economic uncertainty within the country with the soft currency (Investopedia, 2010).Hard currency comes from a country that is politically and economically stable. The United States dollar and the British pound are examples of hard currencies. Soft currencies tend to be prevalent in developing countries. Often, governments from developing countries set unreasonably high exchange rates, pegging the currency of that country to a currency such as the United States dollar. South Africa had a fixed exchange rate for its currency until the latter part of the 1960s; afterward, the South African rand was pegged against major foreign currency.The value of the rand followed changes in the balance of payments and moved roughly with sterling and other weaker currencies until 1985 (Country Data, 1996). The foreign debt crisis of 1985 prompted the rand to depreciate at a bewildering rate, thus it fell to a value that was less than US$0. 40. In 1987 the rand began to recover reaching US$0. 43; however the rand continued to decrease steadily, with minor differences, until declining to US$0. 26 in the latter part of 1995. The rand is a parallel currency that was exclusively used for nonresident capital movements during the 1980s and 1990s.The financial rand was available to foreigners for investment only in South Africa was formulated by the sale of nonresidents’ assets in the country (Country Data, 1996). The two-tiered currency system insulated the country’s foreign reserves from politically stimulated capital flight, because all divestment by nonresidents were automatically met by new investment, and the price of the financial rand varied independently of the commercial rand (Country Data, 1996). Ultimately, South Africa’s economic growth depends upon increasing gold profits and foreign investments.The Cuban Pesos (CUP) is the official currency in Cub a. The American dollar is not accepted on government business in Cuba since November 2004. All of the stores that sold goods in American currency changed to the Cuban Convertible Pesos (CUC). Pesos convertibles cost the equivalent of $1. 18 United States Dollars (USD). In Cuba, currency is exchanged every day, and it is a known fact that the pesos are unstable. The Cuban Pesos is equivalent to 100 cents (centavos). The notes can be of the following denominations: 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos; coins can be of 1, 5, and 20 centavos (Cuba Currency, 2005).The exchange to the Pesos convertible into United States Dollars are fixed, one to one equivalent of the $1 USD that was established by the Central Bank of Cuba. National currencies are important to the way modern day economies function. The national currencies allow businesses to logically express the value of a good, service, or product globally. Exchange rates are needed because one countries currency is not always accepted in another country. An exchange rate is simply the cost of one form of currency in another form of currency (Grabianowski, 2004).For example, if 1 South African rand is exchanged for 80 Japanese yen, the consumer purchased a different form of currency to use in while in Japan. Many centuries ago, currencies of the world were covered by gold. A piece of paper currency was issued by any world government agency that represented a real amount of gold being held in a vault by that government agency (Grabianowski, 2004). In the 1930s, the U. S. set the value of the dollar at a single, unchanging level: 1 ounce of gold was worth $35 (Grabianowski, 2004). Other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S. dollar after World War II. Since everyone knew how much gold a U. S. dollar was worth, then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in gold (Grabianowski, 2004). Currency worth twice as much gold as the U. S dollar was, subsequently, also w orth two U. S. dollars (Grabianowski, 2004). The two main systems used to determine a currency’s exchange rate are: floating currency and pegged currency. The market determines a floating exchange rate. For instance, a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for it.This is determined by supply and demand, which is in turn driven by foreign investment, import/export ratios, inflation, and a host of other economic factors (Grabianowski, 2004). Primarily, countries with stable and mature economic markets use a floating system. Floating exchange rates are considered efficient because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces (Grabianowski, 2004). The floating system is not perfect, if a country’ economy suffers from instability; a floating system will discourage investment (Grabianowski, 2004).To sum up, this paper discussed hard and soft currency, the South African rand, Cuban pesos, and why the exchange rat es fluctuate. Hard and soft currencies are both affected by the exchange rate which fluctuates on a daily basis. Though the notion of the USD not being accepted in Cuba seems unreasonable, it is the choice of Fidel Castro and is honored by American citizens. As countries continue to develop more currencies will become available and will also have the affects of the fluctuating exchange rate. References Country Data. (1996, May).South africa currency. Retrieved from http://www. country-data. com/cgi-bin/query/r-12162. html Cuba Currency. (2005). Cuban pesos. Retrieved from http://www. cubacurrency. com Grabianowski, E. (2004, February 06). How Exchange rates work. Retrieved from http://money. howstuffworks. com/exchange-rate. htm Investopedia. (2010). What does Soft currency mean? Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/s/softcurrency. asp Investopedia. (2010). What does Hard currency mean?. Retrieved from http://www. investopedia. com/terms/h/hardcurrency. asp

Free Essays on Watergate

A major issue at the beginning of Nixon’s second term became known as the Watergate scandal. Agents hired by the Committee for the Re-Election of the President broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate apartment-office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972. They had penetrated the files and installed listening devices. Early in 1973 the agents were convicted of burglary and political espionage. The Senate held hearings to investigate allegations of attempts by high White House officials to cover up administration involvement in the case. President Nixon repeatedly denied that anyone in his administration was involved in the break-in. However, several of Nixon’s closest advisers did resign. When it was revealed that White House conversations and telephone calls had been recorded, Congress subpoenaed the tapes, but Nixon refused to release any of the White House recordings claiming â€Å"executive privilege.† Meanwhil e, the House Judiciary Committee began an inquiry into whether he had committed impeachable offenses. On April 30, 1974, Nixon released some edited transcripts of White House conversations that he felt would reassure the public of his innocence regarding the Watergate break-in and cover-up. Instead he lost many of his supporters. The Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must surrender the additional White House tapes sought by the special Watergate prosecutor as evidence in criminal proceedings. Three of these recordings documented Nixon’s personal order to cover up the Watergate break-in. With their release, Nixon admitted the evidence was â€Å"at variance† with earlier statements. The House Judiciary Committee had already voted in late July to recommend Nixon’s impeachment. With Congressional support destroyed, Nixon chose resignation over impeachment. On Aug. 8, 1974, Nixon appeared on television to resign the presidency, and the next day Vice-President Ford became p... Free Essays on Watergate Free Essays on Watergate Watergate was a designation of a major U.S. scandal that began with the burglary and wiretapping of the Democratic party's headquarters, later engulfed President Richard M. Nixon and many of his supporters in a variety of illegal acts and culminated in the first resignation of a U.S. president. The burglary was committed on June 17, 1972, by five men who were caught in the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate apartment and office complex in Washington D.C. Their arrest eventually uncovered a White House-sponsered plan of espionage against political opponents and a trail of complicity that led to many of the highest officials in the land, including former U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs John Ehrlichman, and President Nixon himself. On April 30, 1973, nearly a year after the burglary and arrest and following a grand jury investigation of the burglary, Nixon accepted the resignation of Haldeman and Ehrlichman and announced the dismissal of Dean U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst resigned as well. The new attorney general, Elliot Richardson, appointed a special prosecutor, Harvard Law School profesor Archibald Cox, to conduct a full-scale investigation of the Watergate break-in. In May of 1973, the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities opened hearings, with Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina as chairman. A series of startling revelations followed. Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered the break-in and that a major attempt was under way to hide White House involvement. He claimed that the president had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration immediately denied this assertion. The testimony of White House aide Alexander Butterfield unlocked the entire investigation pertaining to White House tapes. On July 16, 1973, Butterfield t... Free Essays on WaterGate A major issue at the beginning of Nixon’s second term became known as the Watergate scandal. Agents hired by the Committee for the Re-Election of the President broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate apartment-office complex in Washington, D.C. on June 17, 1972. They had penetrated the files and installed listening devices. Early in 1973 the agents were convicted of burglary and political espionage. The Senate held hearings to investigate allegations of attempts by high White House officials to cover up administration involvement in the case. President Nixon repeatedly denied that anyone in his administration was involved in the break-in. However, several of Nixon’s closest advisers did resign. When it was revealed that White House conversations and telephone calls had been recorded, Congress subpoenaed the tapes, but Nixon refused to release any of the White House recordings claiming â€Å"executive privilege.† Meanwhil e, the House Judiciary Committee began an inquiry into whether he had committed impeachable offenses. On April 30, 1974, Nixon released some edited transcripts of White House conversations that he felt would reassure the public of his innocence regarding the Watergate break-in and cover-up. Instead he lost many of his supporters. The Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must surrender the additional White House tapes sought by the special Watergate prosecutor as evidence in criminal proceedings. Three of these recordings documented Nixon’s personal order to cover up the Watergate break-in. With their release, Nixon admitted the evidence was â€Å"at variance† with earlier statements. The House Judiciary Committee had already voted in late July to recommend Nixon’s impeachment. With Congressional support destroyed, Nixon chose resignation over impeachment. On Aug. 8, 1974, Nixon appeared on television to resign the presidency, and the next day Vice-President Ford became p... Free Essays on Watergate Kutler’s Watergate Watergate was a site of major scandal in the U.S. It involved burglary, wiretapping of the Democratic Party’s headquarters. The President and many of his trusted men were targets of investigation. Water gate led to the first ever resignation of a President. The burglary was committed on June 17, 1972, by five men who were caught in the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate apartment and office complex in Washington D.C. Their arrest eventually uncovered a White House sponsored plan of espionage against political opponents. This conspiracy involved many of the highest officials in the land, including former U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, and White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs John Ehrlichman, and President Nixon. On April 30, 1973, a year after the burglary and arrest and following a grand jury investigation of the burglary, Nixon accepted the resignation of Haldeman and Ehrlichman and U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst and announced the dismissal of Dean, The new attorney general, Elliot Richardson, appointed a special prosecutor, Law School professor Archibald Cox from Harvard Law, to conduct a full investigat ion of the Watergate breakin. In May of 1973, the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities opened hearings, headed by Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina as chairman. A series of startling revelations followed. John Dean said is his opening statement, that he had discussed the cover-up with President Nixon in several meetings. At the first meeting, in September 1972, he told the president how he and other members of the White House had handled the cover-up so far. Dean claimed that in another important meeting with Nixon, on March 21, 1973, the president agreed $1million should be raised to silence the burglars. However Dean said that he dealt with the presid... Free Essays on Watergate watergate scandal George McGovern, the Democratic presidential nominee the year of 1973, called it ''the mother of all White House scandals.'' Watergate was in fact the name of the biggest political scandal in United States history. It involved illegal activities such as burglary, wire-tapping and espionage. All designed to help Richard Milhous Nixon to win re-election in 1972 But, instead it resulted in the resignation of president Nixon. On June 17, 1972 five men were caught breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. The headquarters were in a large apartment building complex called Watergate. The men had intended to photograph documents and to place wire taps on the telephones. The group’s leader was James McCord who was on the committee to reelect the President and was also handling Nixon’s campaign. Papers found in the pocket of one of the burglars led to White House staff members. Which meant that there were more people involved then just the original seven. The cover-up started to begin. The Nixon administration hid and shredded any and all documents, which could lead to any, connected between the white house and the burglars. Weeks later the seven Watergate defendants were indicted and were paid money for their silence. Throughout 1972 little was said about the Watergate scandal. A poll showed that most Americans had not even heard of it. In November, Nixon was overwhelming reelected and in 1973 the trial of Watergate seven was held. All defendants pleaded guilty or were convicted and it seemed as if the whole mess was over. Then on March 23, 1973 Judge John Si... Free Essays on Watergate The term Watergate became known as a scandalous series of events that ended Richard Nixon’s presidency and threatened the foundations of American government. In preparation for the 1972 election, Nixon was determined to win an overwhelming mandate for a second term. To protect Nixon at all costs from anything that might weaken his position, he made what is called the â€Å"enemies list. â€Å" This was a list developed by a special council that listed names of prominent people unsympathetic to the administration. It included politicians such as Senator Edward Kennedy, members of the media such as reporter Daniel Schorr, and a number of outspoken performers including comedian Dick Gregory and actors Jane Fonda and Steve McQueen. Aides then considered how to harass these White House â€Å"enemies.† One idea was to arrange income tax investigations of people on the list. Despite his dedication to a domestic policy of law and order, Nixon was sometimes willing to take illegal actions more serious than the activities the were meant to control. Then the White House organized its own unit - nicknamed the Plumbers - to stop government security leaks. The group included E. Howard Hunt, a spy novelist and former CIA agent, and G. Gordon Liddy, once an FBI agent. This intelligent branch mastered outstanding plans such as an elaborate scheme of wiretapping. They planned to tap top Democrats to try to compromise them at their convention. They decided it would be to expensive and risky but they finally approved of the tapping of the phones at Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartment complex in Washington, D.C. The first break-in to install illegal listening devices failed. A second attempt, on the night of June 16... Free Essays on Watergate The Watergate Scandal By: Sandy Bratchet The Watergate Scandal Richard Nixon was the thirty-seventh President of the United States of America from 1969 until 1974. Nixon completed his first term as President in 1973 and was re-elected for the position for the next four years. However, Nixon would have his time in the White House cut short by the series of events that occurred in the twenty-six months that followed the Watergate burglary. On June 17, 1972 five men, one White House employee and four Cubans, broke into the Watergate Office Building in Washington, DC in an attempt to bug the Democratic National Committee (DNC) office. The break in and the events that took place afterwards led to the resignation of Richard Milhous Nixon on August 8, 1974. The morning of June 18, Nixon was at his home in Key Biscayne, FL. when he read a headline about the Watergate break in. The idea was out of this world and Nixon did not believe what he was reading. Nixon dismissed the story as a political prank (Nixon 625-626). James McCord , Bernard Barker, Virgilo Gonzalez, Eugenio Martinez, and Frank Sturgis had been arrested charged with second-degree burglary by the Washington police. McCord, a former CIA officer, was employed by the Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP) as a security consultant. Ironically McCord was supposed to prevent the very things he was doing to the DNC. Nixon telephoned Charles Colson, a special counsel to President Nixon, that evening to discuss the Watergate break in. Colson said, â€Å"he was so furious.......he threw an ashtray across the room and was outraged that anybody even remotely connected with the campaign would have anything to do with a thing like Watergate.† Nixon did not understand why anyone would try to bug the DNC, because no useful information could be rendered from anything recorded there. What started out as a prank in the eyes of President Nixon had now become a possible issue in the re-electi... Free Essays on Watergate The Watergate Scandal involved a number of illegal activities that were designed to help President Richard Nixon win re-election. The scandal involved burglary, wiretapping, campaign financing violations, and the use of government agencies to harm political opponents. A major part of the scandal was also the cover-up of all these illegal actions. â€Å"Watergate, however, differed from most previous political scandals because personal greed apparently did not play an important role. Instead Watergate attacked one of the chief features of Democracy – free and open elections† (Worldbook 1). The Watergate Scandal got its name from the Watergate Complex in Washington D.C. This large office building was the home of the Democratic National Headquarters, and the site of the break-in that began the largest scandal in American Politics. However, even before the break-in, President Nixon had begun illegal operations. President Nixon had created a special investigation unit to prevent the leaking of confidential documents to the public. He did this after a number of Defense Department papers were released to the public concerning President Nixon’s paranoia over the public’s criticism of his Vietnam War policies (Owens 1). The â€Å"Plumbers†, as they were nicknamed, were headed by two of Nixon’s top aides, G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt. In order to prevent all information leaks, the â€Å"Plumbers† investigated the private lives of Nixon’s political enemies and critics. The White House rationalized the actions of the plumbers by saying that they were protecting National Security. The actual Watergate Scandal began on June 17, 1972, with the arrest of five men for breaking into the Democratic Party’s National Headquarters located in the Watergate Complex in Washington D.C. The five men were part of the Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP). They were attempting to fix a broken phone tap that they had installed ab... Free Essays on Watergate "The Watergate Complex is a series of modern buildings with balconies that looks like filed down Shark's Teeth" (Gold, 1). Located on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. it contains many hotel rooms and offices. What happened in the complex on June 17, 1972 early in the morning became a very historical event for our nation that no one will ever forget. The "Watergate Scandal and constitutional crisis that began on June 17, 1972 with the arrest of five burglars who broke into the Democratic National Committee (DMC) headquarters at the Watergate office building in Washington D.C. It ended with the registration of President Richard M. Nixon on August 9, 1974. (Watergate) At approximately 2:30 in the morning of June 17, 1972 five men were arrested at the Watergate Complex. The police seized a walkie talkie, 40 rolls of unexposed film, two 35 millimeter cameras, lock picks, pensized teargas guns, and bugging devices. (Gold, 75) These five men and two co-plotters were indicated in Septem ber 1972 on charges of burglary, conspiracy and wire tapping. Four months later they were convicted and sentenced to prison terms by District Court Judge John J. Sercia was convinced that relevant details had not been unveiled during the trial and offered leniency in exchanged for further information. As it became increasingly evident that the Watergate burglars were tied closely to the Central Intelligence Agency and the Committee to re-elect the president. (Watergate) Four of these men, that were arrested on the morning of June 17, 1972, came from Miami, Florida. They were Bernard L. Barker, Frank A. Sturgis, Virgillio R. Gonzalez, and Eugenio R. Martinez. The other man was from Rockville, Maryland named James W. McCord, Jr. The two co-plotters were G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt. (Watergate) The senate established and investigative committee headed by Senate Sam Ervin, Jr., to look into the growing scandal. As they were investigating, they related tha...

Women During the Franco Era

Women During the Franco Era Introduction Spain emerged from the Civil War with many economic difficulties and problems. The Civil unrest wiped out foreign exchanges and gold reserves thus affecting the economy. The agricultural and industrial sectors had also become ineffective towards economic growth and sustainability.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Women During the Franco Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The war also led to global shortages of raw materials, industrial products, and foodstuffs. The Franco regime after 1939 wanted to apply a dictatorial approach to bring new economic policies to promote self-sufficiency and economic empowerment. In the 1940s, the economic growth of the country retarded but took time to recover. By the 1950s, the GDP was at 40 per cent and soon the economy began to grow due to increased black markets, tripling prices, and increased foreign trade. Women also played a huge role to transform the economi c system of Spain. Women during the Franco Era After the Second World War ended, Franco controlled Spain through continued implementation of economic policies and austere approaches to monitor the economic growth. Although the country lacked democracy, Spain achieved a lot in its economic structure. The regime professed that women should continue acting according to the contemporary roles of gender in the society (Twomey, 2000, p. 32). Through the social order and organization, the regime considered women services relevant to improve the conditions in the society. The end of the Civil War in the country resulted in the voluntary society service. During the era, history shows that women played the role of military vanguards. The women in the society were compelled to complete a set of social duties in the society thereby promoting the growth and success of the society. For example, women were helping in shops, working as teachers, and administering medical responsibilities in the cou ntry. This was a compulsory service taking the women six months to complete. The service was mandatory if a person wanted to get a driver’s license, a passport, or even a university degree (Twomey, 2000, p. 48). After finishing the service, it was a major requirement that women received training from physicians and priests. The regime considered this social service in the country relevant to prepare women to a greater course in the country’s economy.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the regime, the social service was an important vehicle to promote the ideology without necessarily applying any oppressive means. At the same time, women learned how to complete household chores and take care of their own children. This was the best idea to improve the contribution of women to the Hispanic society. Another important observation during the Franco era was that women were more empowered because of the social service. During the time, women were actively involved in sports and other forms of physical education. However, majority of the men in the society were against the idea (Sanchez, 2009, p. 12). During the period, majority of the women changed to become modern. The society fought for their training thereby giving them a better chance of becoming nurses and becoming income earners in the society. During the same era, there were increased rights of the women therefore giving them liberty to own a family (Sanchez, 2009, p. 16). They also had the liberty to get married and had children. Some women were homemakers during the Franco era. History also shows that some women were tortured during the era especially those who seemed to support the new regime. Their children were stolen and trafficked thereby oppressing them. This was to oppress them and make sure they supported the rebels. This situation continued to affect the welfare of women in the society thus making their lives unbearable in the society (Ellwood, 2007, p. 63). During the time, women who combined their religious understanding and justice to promote their ideologies and become powerful members of the society formed the Seccion Femenina. The group made it possible for state their positions in the society and the need for continued empowerment. The other thing is that, during the era, women had different views and opinions about Dictator Franco. For instance, some women believed that he was a great leader because it was because of the regime that they became educated, became empowered, and gained much attention from the government. However, some women considered the regime inadequate and oppressive because they did not achieve much in the society (Miller, 2008, p. 46). The most important thing to consider here is that women gained much attention during the period and were able to pursue their personal goals. They became educated and got a chance to practice their own careers. The period saw an increasing number of female practitioners, nurses, teachers, and civil servants.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Women During the Franco Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is notable that the authoritarian Franco regime imposed explicit policies and ideologies on the country’s citizens. Although the regime imposed these ideologies in an indirect manner, it became a unique source of foundation towards the establishment of the country future history. Despite the explicit ideologies such as the social service imposed by the government, it is agreeable that women in the society became powerful and were in a position to achieve their personal goals and fulfillment. Although majority of the women were empowered during the Franco era, it is still acknowledgeable that majority of the women were supposed to act under their husbands (Ellwood, 2007, p. 63). They w ere also supposed to stick to the gender roles, take care of their children, and support their husbands in every little thing. The idea is that the familial hierarchy was significant in the society during Franco’s era. With this kind of order, it was possible to achieve economic improvements based on the strong family foundation and increased participation in nation building activities (Miller, 2008, p. 49). Despite the familial order, the women were also encouraged to perform in the society and undertake economic activities to empower themselves and achieve their goals. The empowerment of the Spanish woman was one of the greatest achievements that led to the continued economic growth in the country. Conclusion Between 1939 and 1975, Spain was under Francisco Franco, a dictator who tried to apply a specific kind of ideology through a social approach. The regime put in place the social service program to improve the social status and conditions in the country. Although this wa s considered a dictatorial idea, it played a huge role in empowering women and ensuring their realized their personal goals and potential in the society. They became free and obtained different employment opportunities in the society. At the same time, the regime professed the traditional roles of females in the society. This made it possible to have powerful families and helped promote economic growth. Reference List Ellwood, S 2007. Spanish fascism in the Franco era, Oxford Press, Madrid.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Miller, K 2008. Women in Hispanic Literature: Icons and Fallen Idols, Wiley and Sons, New York. Sanchez, A 2009. Fear and Progress: Ordinary Lives in Franco’s Spain, 1939-1975, McGraw, New York. Twomey, L 2000. Women in contemporary culture: Roles and identities in France and Spain, Longman, Madrid.

Complete standardisation of offerings and marketing interactions in Essay

Complete standardisation of offerings and marketing interactions in International Marketing strategy is always the main goal - Essay Example The standardization of the marketing interaction sets a bench mark upon the company by the company itself as it will market in a standardized and planned manner irrespective of the economic conditions prevailing in different markets. The offers that the company make to the customers should be globally available to all of the customers around the world. This will set standard for the company as to operate with more efficiency as the target market that they are covering does not restricts to a single economic conditions but the company will be operating internationally and thus will have to perform accordingly. Companies when operating internationally are competing internationally at the same time. Companies faces much intense and severe competition when operating internationally as the quantity of competitors increase and so do the level of competition. Standardizing the offerings and marketing interactions strengthens the brand around the world and thus enforces a self-level of stand ardization so as to maintain the company image and brand worth. World is now a global village. The businesses operates around the globe. Multinational way of operation is encouraged and almost every business is aiming to go global. When the business is multinational it faces many things. The diversified market, customers, products, laws and regulations, work force and many more (Hamilton & Wood, 2009). Due to this globalization, one of the major factor is the diversified labor that is available to the businesses. Socializing The world is going global with intervention and advancement of technology. Technology has removed many of the barriers and economic boundaries thus enabling companies to operate internationally. Consumers and potential customers are easy to reach. Access to different parts of the world is possible with much ease. In this modern era the scope of the business is limitless as there are a range of opportunities for the businesses to avail and in order to fully utili ze the resources the businesses need to be socially active so as to determine the possibilities and opportunities on timely basis and get advantage out of them. There are many platforms where a business can publicize and advertise on the social networks provided by the technology. Social interactions is essential so as to remove the barriers and make the new possibilities utilizable in a sense that benefits the most. The social networking of a business is crucial for its growth as it creates the brand worth and highlights and make people aware of its products hence providing an effective source of marketing (Holden, 2004). Social media is transforming the way business is carried out. A recent study by the Internet Advertising Bureau UK found that nearly 80% of consumers would be more inclined to buy more often in the future because of a brand's presence on social media. Social media is one of the major source to market every kind of product. Companies make websites and share their l inks on social networking websites so as to make their advertising more effective and beneficial. The social websites has millions of users and hence millions of potential customers for the businesses which advertise their products on those websites. It is the advancement of the technology that made social networking

The Chinese and American Educational Systems Essay

The Chinese and American Educational Systems - Essay Example In the meanwhile, they lose a lot of fun, and that’s also a big part of school life, in my point of view. In China, only professional athletic students are on the sports team. In the U.S., almost everybody plays at least one sport. American schools offer sports that almost every student can play for competition and fun. At my U.S. high school, when it was my turn to join a sports team, I found out I couldn’t even try a lot of sports on the list. It was almost impossible to pass the try-outs, but I was still encouraged to join a sport. From birth, Asian children are told to be perfect, no matter how they feel about tasks, how much it costs, how long it takes. If you surveyed Chinese and American students, I bet most Chinese kids couldn’t name five things they like. They’re always resting in their spare time to relax from the overwhelming stress. American students work hard too, but seek fun instead of â€Å"perfecting† themselves. Extracurricular activities like drama, debate, and sports keep American students busy and teach us about more than just academics. My schedule is full of AP classes, but compared with 13 hours of classroom work a day in a Chinese high school, I don’t feel much pressure. After growing up in my academic-oriented culture, I find it’s pretty easy for me to get on the honor roll or scholar’s list in my American high school. There are diligent American kids who get a higher GPA than I do, of course. And worldwide, high school students who win creativity contests are always Americans. So I deem the U.S. educational system is as effective as the Asian system, just in a different way. Cultural values in the United States encourage equality in the educational system, as a general rule. In the U.S., people hold different political ideologies: liberal or conservative.  

Effect of Cultural Shock and Cultural Adjustment on International Essay

Effect of Cultural Shock and Cultural Adjustment on International Mobility - Essay Example The movement of people between and within countries has been noted to be on the rise especially with the increased globalisation. In some countries, the number of foreigners could be exceptionally high such as in the Gulf countries where Furnham (2010) notes that foreign workers comprise about 75% of the total semi-permanent population. Business people, students, missionaries, volunteers and asylum seekers among other groups of people would become temporary or permanent sojourning expatriates in foreign countries more often. These people face a myriad of challenges when in a new environment. In the context of this paper, focus would be on the educational sector and how cultural shock affects international mobility. Most universities have more than a third of the students classified as foreign or international, an observation that continues to take prominence even in other lower institutions of learning (Akhtar & Bo 2010). Various push and pull factors inform on the increase in migrations: leisure, to proselytise or to trade, among others. Some move so as to escape the difficult conditions back in their homelands whereas others would be attracted to specific places. They could face persecution due to their political or religious stands and therefore seek asylum or refuge. Others would move due to employment opportunities as well paying jobs attract them or education, attracted by the superior education systems. Furnham (2010) observed that American universities, for instance, have over half a million of the international students. The US is said to offer the greatest opportunity for higher education for international students globally.... Cultural Shock With the world continuously shrinking due to globalisation, researchers have been keen to study the characteristics of expatriates who succeed in foreign countries. Analysing various research studies tackling this issue, Furnham found out that majority of the researchers concur on the importance of social skills and uses the term â€Å"cultural intelligence† to refer to the â€Å"blend of social and emotional intelligence, reflecting sensitivity to and ability to manage people’s beliefs, behaviours and motivation in culturally diverse settings† (2010, p. 28). The social identity theory explains one’s social self which borrows from being a member of a group. Further, the social identity concept argues on a combination of one’s knowledge of being a member of a social group and the associated value or emotional component (Terry et al. 2006). But it has been noted that most expatriates fail in their assignments in foreign countries becaus e of cultural differences (Yue & Le 2012). As such, those who develop the ability to quickly adjust and acquire intercultural competencies would have a competitive advantage. Those who take long in cultural shock could be greatly disadvantaged. Coined by the anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1960, the term cultural shock refers to an affective disturbance resulting from an interaction of one’s conceptualisations and realities. According to Miller, Matveeva and Nekrassova (2011), cultural shock results from an individual’s psychological expectations not conforming to the new cultural setting. Individual management in a foreign country could cause one frustration, depression and homesickness. Cultural shock

Elder Mistreatment Essay Example for Free

Elder Mistreatment Essay Old age is generally a time for great life changes, stresses, and multiple losses for a maturing adult. An individual’s capacity to manage stress fluctuates with age. There are optimism and positive energy in youth, along with physical stamina to meet demands of life and cope up with conflict. With advancing age, and consequent physical illness, bereavement and fears, people suffer a deterioration of their mental stamina in negotiating challenges of life (Gonzalez et al. , 1988, 15). With an increasing sense of loneliness and insecurity about life, aging adult face a completely different level of problems that relate more to continuity, meaning and purposefulness of life, rather than meeting its material accomplishments. Elder mistreatment: Definition Defining elder mistreatment requires due consideration of a number of factors that vary from victim profiles to type and degree of abuse. Therefore to standardize its definition, elder mistreatment has been described as a process that starts with being overwhelmed that leads to abuse, mistreatment and neglect that causes suffering and pain for the victim (Johnson, 1991). Elder mistreatment deals with such issues as maltreatment, neglect, abuse, domestic violence, conflict and lapse in care management and physical and financial exploitation (Elder Abuse). Despite all the health management plans the fact remains that elder people are very vulnerable when it comes to health care. They are easily susceptible to diseases, illness, injuries, and psychological traumas that are consequences of aging (Pillemer and Wolf, 1986). These circumstances lead to abuse owing to isolation of According to national surveys, more than 49 percent of elder population reports abuse that range from neglect in providing basic amenities such as food, water, medicines, shelter, clothing, and timely medical treatment to denial of emotional and psychological support (Elder Abuse) With significant increase in America’s elder population, providing adequate elder care at family, social, and institutional level has become a major issue. The public conscience level for the major problems facing old age people are neglect, mistreatment and mismanagement in care related aspects has seen greater academic research to find out the causative factors behind elder neglect and mistreatment. Precipitators in elder mistreatment Contrary to the general perception of American family as one that is caring, considerate and loving towards its elder members, researches in elder neglect and abuse have shown that most of the neglect and mistreatment is inflicted at the hands of close family members (Pillemer and Wolf, 1986). In a report by National Elder Abuse Incidence Study on elder abuse, it was shown that majority of abuse on people aged 60 or more takes place in domestic quarters at hands of family members (Bergeron and Gray, 2003). Close relatives such as siblings, children and in several cases even spouses have been found to be responsible for neglect and abuse. Earlier conceptions of families being a safe heaven for elderly population received setback as definition of neglect broadened to comprise sensitive issues of psychological support, emotional care, empathy and understanding (Douglass et al, 1984). An issue of grave concern is the findings pointing to elder abuse and mistreatment taking place at professional health care and nursing institutions by nursing staff that is specifically trained for taking adequate care of elderly people (Johnson, 1991) Types of mistreatment afflicting elders Elder population suffers a wide range of mistreatment and abuse. The major types of mistreatments as described at Elder Abuse Help Guide are 1. Physical abuse of Elders: It includes physically maltreating old people, assaulting, beating, pushing, using physical restraints and manhandling. Physical abuse is relatively a rare phenomenon.   2.  Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse of elders includes verbal or non verbal expression of disconcert, insult, blame, verbal harassment, ridicule, intimidation, and yelling on part of care takers. Emotional mistreatment is one of most frequent and commonly occurring abuse that elders suffer throughout the nation. 3. Neglect: Elder neglect involves ignorance of basic needs and requirements of aged people, lack of shelter, absence of supervision and monitoring, deliberate delay or denial in providing medical care and inadequate personal and hygienic care. 4. Emotional Neglect: Emotional neglect leads to severe stress among old people.  They are deliberately ignored, left to fend for themselves, not taken care of in such activities in which they require support and help of care-takers. 5. Financial Abuse: Elders are often abused financially by exploiting their financial resources and denying them the privileges of their own assets. Elders subjected to financial abuse are often deliberately isolated from rest of world by their caretakers to avoid exposure and detection of their fraud. Financial abuse of elders is a common occurrence when elders are not staying with their blood-relatives but with near relatives or friends. Reasons and warnings of abuse In the researches in elder abuse, a pertinent focus of researchers has been on the causes that lead people to inflict abuse and mistreatment on people that are vulnerable, dependent and in need of love, care and emotional and often material support (Johnson, 1991). Finding the reasons for abuse becomes critical as it also acts as pointer to possible cases of abuses and mistreatment in many social and community settings where cases of abuse are not reported out of their sensitive nature. In explaining the cause of abuse, Bonnie and Wallace (2002) have presented a detailed socio-cultural model that identifies underlying processes in abuse Overview of model of elder mistreatment Meanwhile extensive research by a number of academicians and scholars has further helped to create a structured profile of abuser. An elderly person may be undergoing abuse or is highly susceptible for it when the caretakers show psychopathological tendencies, trans-generational discrepancies, stressful life, economic hardships, burnout, drug-dependency, drinking problem, degree of dependence that is greater than care takers’ ability to handle, coercive and dominating nature of caretaker, inexperience, lack of sympathy and inability to feel empathy (Anetzberger , 1987; Anastasio , 1981;Johnson, 1991). Elders may also be suffering abuse if they show constant fear of their care-giver, if there is a confrontational atmosphere around, and if they are get suddenly isolated, uncommunicative and pensive. Preventing Elder Abuse It is a poignant fact that elders themselves can do little in preventing their abuse. In case of people who are completely dependent on care-givers, such as Alzheimer’s patients and terminally ill patients, their survival depends on the care-givers and hence they rarely report abuse incidents out of fear of antagonizing their care-givers. Therefore to prevent elder abuse requires a broad program that should focus on development of services for elderly care, training sessions for care givers, initiation and integration of family members in the elderly care programs. Moreover, it is vital to pass the message that adequate, compassionate and empathic care of elders is a holistic issue, one that has long term defining impact on social culture and ethics.