Cultural issues in China

Between the nineteenth and twentieth century, like in the United States and Europe, Japan and China were involved in a transformation in their social and cultural lifestyles as witnessed in the change of dress. One and the major factor that led to nationalism is the economic policy imposed by the colonial rulers that led to the adoption of the Western culture by the native East Asians (Finnane 100).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural issues in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second factor is a religion which played a key role in uniting the people of East Asia in an attempt to combat the problems bestowed to them by the colonizers. The third factor is the stipulation of secular materials, which gave the Native East Asians the ability to see beyond their close-mindedness and unsophisticated virtues. In China, the Chinese women were not allowed to wear pants. They could dress in a short tunic and t rousers. However, conversion in the mode of dressing has been experienced right through the twentieth century. Several administrative agents together with the government in China have engaged in discussions about the dress reforms such as permitting school girls to jog their hairstyles and the sleeve-length of their blouses (Evans and Donaldson 136). The government took an initiative of telling people what to wear and what not to wear. For example, the changing of school girls’ costumes that saw them wear blouses tacked into their skirts (Edwards 125). The jackets and Chinese gowns were rejected as they were seen to make the rear part of the clothes saggy and weird-looking. It was argued that wearing the ‘Chinese bra’ would not lead to adoption of the western-style breasts. The breast binders in the western culture were used to hide but not to expose the breasts. When Mao Zedong came into power in 1949, he opposed the implementation of a dress cord that included black leather and a suit. This was a policy proposed by Yu Xinquing, Zedong’s chief of protocol. He rejected the policy arguing that the Chinese people had their own virtues and did not needed to follow others. He instead recommended for the ‘Mao suit’, which included trousers and a jacket known as ‘Sun Yat-sen.’ (Finnane 104)Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Chinese dress experienced a significant change due to the political proceedings. Transformation in dress was contentious and raised numerous arguments and discussions especially the women’s dress. Questions about feet size, the length of hair, the length of skirts, sleeve length, the height of heels and exposure of breasts. These numerous queries and awareness made Lu Xun conclude that life if challenging because a woman indeed has many parts to her body. Mao’s decision not to wear a suit was a sign of distancing himself from the western culture. Political climate and the remoteness of China inhibited the studies of Chinese in the western states. China was in a situation that her cultural norms would be eroded and would give in to Maoism (Timolson par. 2). There was a mixed reaction about the influence of the western culture, the existing political serene and Tang poetry. The Maoism was an increasing point of concern during the cultural transformation especially in the clothing sector. During Mao’s era, clothing was seen as a dress that created a significant difference between the Native Chinese and the non-Chinese. In the political divide, the Chinese believed that clothing was a sign of social admiration and value. Post-Mao saw the discussion of fashion by the global community (Finnane 120). This was intended to bring development in the global business and international relations. The people of China deceased from following Mao’s rules after his death, which led to the emergence of new clothing in major Chinese towns. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the army adopted new military uniforms. In 1914, Sun was the first person to wear the ‘Yat-sen’ suit and the ‘changpao’, which were worn to show patriotism. The women clothing is significantly illustrated as icons in China. According to Antonia Finnane, Chinese women’s clothing is different from the Japanese women’s clothing (101). It has been argued that there is a relationship between the political climate and gender because a woman is a symbol or pseudonym. Like in other countries around the globe, clothing had a great significance during colonization, and that was held until the present times.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural issues in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the local clothing has gradually vanished except in the remote p arts of China. The folk costumes are viewed as a dress for only few people. Several people have argued that the local clothing in the countries that were fully colonized did not disappear as this was a sign of rebellion, but in countries such as China that did not fully give in to the colonial power; the local clothing continues to disappear (Naofusa par.24). During an advertisement of a television set by the Toshiba Company, the audience is lured by the appearance of a Chinese woman in a traditional kimono, clothing worn during ceremonies (Chen 162). The woman’s youthful age and the white piece of clothing are signs of looming tenure, uniqueness and originality. The kimono garment has red coating, silver and golden strings, is outstanding and makes the woman in the advert contemporary and good-looking. The gradual adoption of the ‘qipao’ by the Chinese women was a result the disappearance of the Maoist pants and jackets. The Sun Yat-sen sun now became the offici al clothing for the Chinese man mainly worn during ceremonies (Naofusa par.17). The rise to power by both Mao Zedong and Jiang Jieshi saw the continuous emphasizes of the qipao dress by women. The qipao according to the Chinese was seen as clothing worn to resist Yan’ an, but according to the Guomindang it signified dogging the Japanese. The qipao was viewed to illustrate the importance of the Maoist reign in the state chronologies. This explains to why it has continued to be enhanced and talked about in the present era. The modern men and women in China do not wear the Mao suit and qipao respectively because of various issues in the new China (Hansen 14). Some of the factors include the revolution in the political environment, industrialization that has led to production of new clothing, and the global diverse commodity market that has vast tastes. However, despite the survival of qipao, the chanpao has significantly disappeared (Finnane 106). Another example is the â€Å"M odern Girl† that has been widely discussed in the Japanese culture. The modern girl has been seen as a magnificent, debauched and average spender because of her way of dressing, celebrating with her friends (Hansen par. 24). The modern moves out with her boyfriend and engage in â€Å"Ginza-cruising.†Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Modern Japanese Girl has been contrasted with the flapper, who is seen as one trying to imitate the western culture. During the great earthquake in 1923, the journalist created and illustrated the Modern Girl as a symbol of social and Cultural Revolution (Evans and Donaldon 52). The Modern has been represented as the most principled Japanese intellectual idol that was a sign of values of the young girl. In the 1930 film, â€Å"What Made Her Do What She Did?† the modern girl is seen as an innocent girl without parents who turned into crime. She endures several brutalities and domestic labor. She later decides to revenge by setting fire on a school. The viewers who gathered in Asakusa to watch the film was left to answer numerous questions posed the Modern Girl. In order to answer these questions the Modern Girl has to be play a role in the economical, social, and cultural conversion of her era. Even though the Modern Girl was characterized as a political icon, she is milit antly independent. She had no thoughts of being a laborer or a supporter of the women rights. She was a self-governing girl who transformed from ancient cultural norms to a modern girl who establishes a relationship with men. The characterization of the Modern Girl was significant as it illustrates the gradual transformation of a woman who seeks to be alike with a man both physically and spiritually. This is a representation of what women had been over the years succumbing to the ill-treatment. The Modern Girl is seen an intellectual, who is double minded as she engages in immoral activities (Edwards 23). The contemporary women have been interpreted as gradually transforming and revolving through liberation and freedom to express themselves. The modern young Japanese woman was antagonistic. She tried to adopt the living styles of the European women. Ambiguity has been outlined in the characterization of Modern Girl (Sun 40). The movement information for the mass press shows the abil ity of the Modern Girl to travel throughout the nation. The Modern Girls magnificent body especially her long straight legs and short hair made her exceptionally outstanding. The Modern Girl’s legs are a representation of the contemporary young Japanese woman who has a new life. The illustration of the Modern Girl as complemented from the family responsibilities had a definite communal consequence. Even though, the people distanced themselves from discussing the civic obligation of women, the responsibility was linked to the natural fortitude rather than the position they hold in the family. The unsavory reputation of the Modern Girl represented the revolution in the policies governing the position of women in the family (Chen 146). The struggles of the peasant Japanese woman were comprehensive as the Modern Girl engaged in the politics. This meant that the contemporary woman could take part in the political issues and engage in the implementation of rules and regulation gove rning society. The Modern Girl is seen as independent and immoral because the women took to the streets to demand their rights and the men expressed their concerns (Timolson par. 6). The belligerent and revolutionary independence that was witnessed before World War Two was a reaction to the prevailing situation experienced by the counties (in this case East Asia) under the superior colonial powers of the western counterparts who had different interests and level of control. As a response to this, Meiji felt that his country should not go through what their regional states (China) went through (Fukai par.11). Nationalism will enable Japan to be a significant donor to bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN). The global and local atmosphere currently existing is incomparable to that, which existed in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Japan and China are no longer inferior, but significantly rising to power as a diplomatic atmosphere continues to enhance their economies. Works Cited Chen, Tina Mai. 2001. â€Å"Dressing for the Party: Clothing, Citizenship, and Gender formation in Mao’s China. January2011. Web. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/berg/jdbc/2001/00000005/00000002/art 0000 Edwards, L. Policing the Modern Woman in Republic China Modern China. 13 September 2010. Web. http://mcx.sagepub.com/content/26/2/115.extract Evans, H. and Donald, S. Picturing power in the People’s Republic of China. 1 June 200. Web. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3451170?uid=3738336uid=2129uid=2 uid=70uid=4sid=21101553726427 Finnane, Antonia. What should Chinese women wear? A National Problem. 2 April 1996. Web. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/189339?uid=3738336uid=2129uid=2 uid=70uid=4sid=21101553726427 Fukai, Akiko. Japanism in Fashion. 16 Jun. 2010. Web. http://www.kci.or.jp/research/dresstudy/pdf/e_Fukai_Japonism_in_Fashion.pdf Hansen, Karen. The world in Dress, Anthropological Perspective on Clothing, F ashion, and culture. 12 January 2007. Web. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143805?journalCode=anthro Naofusa, Hiran. Traditional cultures and Modernization: Several Problems in the case of Japan. 28 Feb. 2011. Web. http://www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/cimac/hirai.html Sun, Tao. Social Structure, Media System, and Audiences in China: Testing, the Uses and Dependency Model, Guoming, Mass 88. 17 November 2009. Web. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/S15327825MCS0402_05 Timolson, John. Globalization and Cultural Identity. 24 September 2011. Web. http://www.polity.co.uk/global/pdf/gtreader2etomlinson.pdf This essay on Cultural issues in China was written and submitted by user LivingMummy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

IELTS Direct Question Essay Sample

IELTS Direct Question Essay SampleThe IELTS direct question essay is a good introductory essay for a test. You will be asked to write an essay and answer some questions on it. This type of essay can also serve as practice for the real test. This IELTS direct question essay sample gives you an introduction to the subject matter and the format to follow.The foreign language exam is one of the most challenging tests for students. But for those who are aiming to pass this exam, preparation is key. Preparing for the test by creating a well-organized and concise essay is a great way to start. When you are preparing for the exam, you have to understand that it is not easy. You will need the help of an instructor or a professor if needed to avoid getting confused during the test.The essay sample for the IELTS direct question essay can be seen online. There are hundreds of topics for this subject. You can choose one and make sure that you have enough space in your essay to mention your backgr ound information and what areas you need to focus on in order to get good results.Your first goal in preparing for the IELTS direct question essay is to review the area that you want to research. This will be your topic. The best way to make sure that you will know all the information you need is to ask your professor.Another good method of preparing for the IELTS direct question essay is to review the topic you read about in your college textbook. After studying, you will find the information is enough to prepare you for the exam. You just need to think of a thesis statement and then use that as a guide. It is important to understand that you do not have to repeat what was mentioned in the textbook. One of the best ways to prepare for the IELTS direct question essay is to practice writing an essay. You can write one yourself, or use a writing tool to create one. Make sure you focus on the same topics you will be asked to write about. Try to write on different topics so that you wil l get practice writing it. Writing is a powerful way to get knowledge and practice what you learn.If you are new to writing essays, you may find some IELTS direct question essay sample websites useful. You can read them for ideas on how to start a new essay. Also, there are many available on the internet. Look for websites that offer free essay samples to use and learn from.A well-structured IELTS direct question essay sample can help you. This is also an excellent resource to brush up on your writing skills. Writing the perfect essay requires the right methods, and knowing the tools to use can help you do that. Using an essay sample can get you through the test without any problems.

Accounting Essay Example

Accounting Essay Example Accounting Essay – Coursework Example Topic:Â   Accounting Essay The rules of debit and credit as applied to various accounts in financial accounting are specific. Each transaction in a particular account is recorded twice according to financial accounting rules. The different accounts in financial accounting are assets account, liabilities accounts, owner’s equity account, revenues account and expense account. In financial accounting, the debit and credit are positioned on the left and ride side of the financial statement. In case of assets accounts an increase in asset is recorded on the left hand side whereas the decrease in asset comes on right side. For example a purchase of machinery is recorded on left and sale of machinery is shown on rights hand side of financial statement. In the case of liabilities accounts an increase in liability will be posted on credit side and decrease is recorded on debit side. if an organization has accounts payable then it will be recorded on the credit side while accounts rece ivables recorded on the debit side .Owner’s equity account is a owner’s capital account where the increase and decrease in the owner’s profitability is projected. Here a purchase of asset will be posted on debit side whereas sale of asset comes on credit side. In case of revenue account an increase in asset is debited while decrease in asset is credited. In expense account the salary paid to employees will be credited and interest received will be debited. So every transaction is balanced out by recording them on the debit and credit side of an account.

Stress and work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stress and work - Essay Example Work is necessary to earn income to support man’s basic needs and to give one of the privileges for leisure. The objective of this essay is to discuss the results obtained from three assessments required to be completed in relation to conflict resolution, healthy behaviors, and barriers to behaving healthfully. The assessment for health behaviors covers six sections: safety; alcohol, tobacco and drugs; sexual behavior; eating habits; exercise and fitness; and stress control. Concurrently, a stress management technique focusing on diverse kinds of meditation is suggested to be practiced during the course of the exercise. A discussion of the expectations prior and after engaging in the activity would likewise be presented. The kinds of meditation one can select from are as follows: nadam, mantra, koans, pranayama, napanasati. Conflicts arise when the interests of people do not coincide. A number of approaches have been developed to resolve conflicts between individuals and groups. They range from avoidance strategies to third-party mediation and intergroup training. Conflicts cannot actually be eliminated. However, its scope and intensity can be controlled. The assessment on conflict resolution revealed that I basically resolve conflicts through compromise. I got a score of 26. I agree with the results in terms of engaging in mutual exchange of concessions to arrive at a decision which is amenable to conflicting parties. I would not like to impose terms which would be detrimental to the other party – as I would likewise not like to be at the disadvantaged end. I perceive this method of conflict resolution the fairest as the solution is acceptable to both sides. The scores to the following assessments are itemized as follows: 1. Safety – 90; 2. Alcohol, tobacco and drugs – 99; 3. Sexual behavior – 90; 4. Eating habits – 75; 5. Exercise and fitness – 69; and 6. Stress Control – 85. Therefore, I garnered excellent

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure Annotated Bibliography - 1

Juvenile delinquency and the family structure - Annotated Bibliography Example They agree that enhancement of joint effort in support towards youths are at risk between military and civilian schools, courts and other children and family support programs so as to ensure harmony in the activities. Juvenile offenders need to be incorporated into community services that work in collaboration with youth empowerment groups. The article views military families as being under constant stress despite being resilient in some occasions. The stress levels arise due to deployments, disabilities during the service and deaths that arise during military operations. The author established that teenagers in military families tend to have their needs go unmet as well as overlooked by both the legal and social organizations. The teens are overlooked because they are viewed as young adults who are able to take care of heir own issues especially when their parents have been deployed in other war-torn countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq. Moini, J. S., Zellman, G., Gates, S. M., National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), Rand Corporation., & United States. (2006). Providing child care to military families: The role of the demand formula in defining need and informing policy. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. The author described teenagers in military families as being challenged in their upbringing due to the absenteeism by their parents who stay away from them for a long period of time. He elaborated on the various challenges that the teens in military families are likely to face some of which are similar to those from civilian families. Some of those challenges includes learning difficulties, emotional problems, neglect violence during dating and abuse which leads them into delinquency and antisocial activities. The author seeks to explain the real meaning of juvenile delinquency in this book. He defined juvenile delinquency as the action by which people who

The Kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The Kite Runner Essay During the late 70s early 80s there was a strong disagreement between races in Afghanistan. In particular the Pashtun and the Hazarah. Two forms of the same religion but with only 1 difference. The Pashtun were higher up in the community than the Hazarah. The Pashtun were considered clean and fit to rule because they were primarily of pure descent unlike the Hazarah (Pashtun encyclopedia Britannica page 2). The Hazarah were looked down upon because they are usually of mixed families and were considered below the Pashtun (joshuaproject. net page 1-3). ?As the higher ups the Pashtun were wealthier and had more friends in the higher up chain of command in the Afghani government. They had servants who were normally Hazarah. The Hazarah were lower in class and used their labor to make a living by becoming servants to the Pashtun. Like Hassan was to Amir and Baba. ?Amir the main character and novel narrator is of the Pashtun religion and because of this he is accustomed to having the things he wants handed to him on a silver platter. The only things Amir feels deprived of is a deep connection both emotionally and figuratively with his father Baba. He blames it on himself because he is so different than Baba in so many ways. He also feels responsible for the death of his mother who died during Amir’s birth (muse. jhu. edu page 1-5) ? Hassan who is Amir’s best friend is of the Hazarah religion and is a lower class than Amir and the Pashtun. Amir overlooks this fact and is a loyal friend to Hassan until Hassan gets raped and Amir didn’t do anything to stop it or help him. After Hassan gets raped something changed in Amir. He began to feel guilty and his guilt began eating away at him. He became a total jerk to Hassan and Hassan had no idea why (Hazara encyclopedia Britannica page 1-3). ?Some of Amir’s guilt is directed towards Hassan who receives Baba’s affection instead of Amir. Amir feels that Hassan (a Hazarah and one of his family’s servants) is beneath him and shouldn’t be getting Baba’s affection as much as he is. ?Baba sees Amir as a coward when he is a boy. Amir lets Hassan fight all his battles for him which is why in my opinion Hassan gets more of the affection from Baba. Baba wishes that Amir would learn to fight his own battles from Hassan and ultimately grow a backbone and become more of a man that Baba wants him to become. Although its hard to see in some parts of the novel, religion is always present. Whether it be the beginning of the novel where Amir and Hassan are flying kites or it be at the middle where Amir and Baba are traveling to America. Once in America Baba and Amir began to bond more and ultimately become as close as they wanted to be for a very long time. Baba falls ill after Amir graduates from college. Baba’s last great act before his death is he (on Amir’s behalf) asks for an Afghani general’s daughter’s hand in marriage. Amir then marries her right before Baba’s death. After Baba’s death Amir focuses on his writing the stories he came up with. Once his first novel gets published he gets a call from Baba’s friend back in Afghanistan and he asks Amir to come back to the land of his childhood and take care of him. Amir agrees and travels back to Afghanistan (the kite runner page 194). Once back he meets Baba’s friend and he learns that Hassan wrote him a letter shortly before his murder at the hands of the Taliban. Amir learns that Hassan was actually his brother and that Hassan had a son that got sent away to an orphanage after his murder and it became Amir’s duty to go and find Hassan’s son. ?As Amir takes on the challenge of tracking down Hassan’s son he travels all over Afghanistan until he finally finds where the boy is. Amir talks to the man who took Hassan’s son and saw that he was using the boy for his own entertainment by attaching bells to his hands and feet and made him dance. (the kite runner page 278) The reason why the man is making Hassan’s son dance it to assert his authority and put the Hazarah boy in his place below the man who now is his guardian before Amir gets ahold of him (Hazarah encyclopedia Britannica page 1).

The Importance of Disaster Investigations for Systems Engineers :: Engineers Engineering Systems Essays

The Importance of Disaster Investigations for Systems Engineers - What is a Systems Engineer? In the modern industry engineering systems are becoming more complex by the day. Therefore a need for elite engineers i.e. the Systems Engineer, capable of applying a wide range of engineering disciplines to a variety of tasks from product design and development from requirements analysis to simulation to manufacturing and marketing etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is essential. Such engineers work within a team at the heart of the organisation where the design and development of a project is carried out. At this stage it is of great importance that every aspect of the design is studied accurately in order to ensure the final product works effectively, efficiently and safely. However, although maximum effort is made during the design, it is impossible to produce a result 100% efficient. This unfortunately leads to the occurrence of accidents and in some extreme cases to a disaster. By carrying out investigations into the disasters and their causation, lessons can be learnt and employed in future designs. This allows the team of engineers to improve the performance and efficiency of the system whilst maintaining the maximum safety levels. - Disasters and why they happened? - Air disasters caused due to faulty design: There have been historically countless cases of confusion in handling the flaps and the gear controls on the DC3 aircraft as they are in close proximity to each other and of similar shape. This is a problem that should have been addressed by the system engineers before the final go ahead for production was approved considering the importance of such instruments and their role during the flight of the aircraft. - Challenger disaster caused due to faulty design: This incident saw the destruction of the United States space shuttle Challenger 73 seconds after take-off from the Kennedy Space Centre on January 28, 1986 killing the entire shuttle crew. The disaster was caused by the failure of an "O-ring" seal in the solid-fuel rocket on the shuttle's right side. The seal's faulty design and the unusually cold weather, which affected the seal's proper functioning, allowed hot gases to leak through the joint. Flames from inside the booster rocket escaped through the failed seal and enlarged the small hole. The flames then burned through the shuttle's external fuel tank and cut away one of the supports that attached the booster to the side of the external tank. The booster broke loose and collided with the tank, piercing the tank's side. Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen fuels from the tank and booster mixed and ignited, causing the shuttle to tear apart. It is quite clear from this example that had the design of the ring